第1部分：词汇练习（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

    下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．The war was over, but the whole country was in a state of disorder.

A) confusion           B) disagreement

C) disappearance        D) disaster

2．The workers finally called off the strike.

A) put off              B) ended

C) cancelled            D) participated in

3．Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.

A) disrupt              B) diagnose

C) evaporate            D) cure

4．The child’s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.

A) bad                 B) frightening

C) repeated             D) unusual

5．He achieved success through hard work..

A) reached              B) reaped

C) attained              D) took

6．He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.

A) despair              B) difficulties

C) need                D) danger

7．The Constitution’s vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.

A) imprecise            B) concise

C) unpolished           D) elementary

8．The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.

A) elegantly             B) genuinely

C) intentionally          D) thoroughly

9．Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as A1 Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan.

A) violent criminals       B) politicians

C) musicians             D) industrialists

10．It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.

A) pulled down           B) rebuilt

C) renovated             D) whitewashed

11．An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of state.

A) a unity                B) a division

C) an embassy            D) an invasion

12．Her behavior is extremely childish.

A) simple                B) immature

C) beautiful              D) foolish

13．I wasn’t qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow.

A) besides               B) anyway

C) well                  D) anymore

14．The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether.

A) develop                 B) disappear

C) linger                   D) renew

15．In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the transitional phase between the primary grades and high school.

A) stage                   B) notion

C) pattern                  D)alternative

 

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

                     　　　　Inventor of LED

When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.

On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors.

"Anytime you get an award, big or little, it's always a surprise," Holonyak said.

Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak Nvorked worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches.

Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.

Holonyak, now a professor of 'electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn't realize how many uses they would have.

"You don't know in the beginning. You think you're doing something important, you think it's worth doing, but you really can't tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don't know," he said.

The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of "molecular sieves," that can separate molecules by size.

 

16  Holonyak's colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he

started it.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

17  Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the

Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

18  Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

19  Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

20  Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

21  Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

22  The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

 

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

   下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

1.   The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in tile human diet leads to some serious diseases.

2.   The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.

3.   So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.

4.   Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.

5.   In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and, rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.

6.   There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.

 

23  Paragraph 1                               

 

24  Paragraph 3           

 

25  Paragraph 4           

 

26  Paragraph 6           

 

27  Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _________．　　　　

 

28  It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on _________．

 

29  Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to

their knowledge on ______________．

 

30 Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to                    .

    

 

                         

第4部分: 阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

    阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。

                           Live with Computer

After too long on the Net; even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriend's Liverpudlian accent suddenly becomes indecipherable after the clarity of his words on screen; a secretary's tone seems more rejecting than I'd imagined it would be. Time itself-becomes fluid - hours become minutes, and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are

now just two ordinary days.

For the last three years, since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie Rose, I have done much of my work as a telecommuter. I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet mailing lists. My boyfriend lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.

If I desired, I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything. I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched most of the blizzard of '96 on TV.

But after a while, life itself begins to feel unreal. I start to feel as though I've merged with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another node on the Net. Others on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. It's like attending an A. A. meeting in a bar with everyone holding a half-sipped drink. We have become the Net opponents' worst nightmare.

What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction, coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.

At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter in the background, something that I'd never done previously. The voices of the programs soothe me, but then I'm jarred by the commercials. I find myself sucked in by soap operas, or compulsively needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather. "Dateline," "Frontline," "Nightline," CNN, New York 1, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work moves from foreground to background.

 

31．Compared to the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent becomes

A) unidentifiable.

B) unbearable.

C) unreal.

D) misleading

.

32．The passage implies that the author, and her boyfriend live in

A) different cities in England.

B) different countries.

C) the same city.

D) the same country.

 

33．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A) She is so absorbed in the TV programs that, she often forgets her work.

B) In order to keep up with the latest news and the weather, she watches TV a lot.

C) In order to get some comfort from TV programs she, sometimes, turns on the television.

D) Having worked on the computer for too long, she became a bit odd.

 

34．What is the author's attitude to the computer?

A) She dislikes it because TV is more attractive.

B) She dislikes it because it cuts off her relation with the outside world.

C) She has become bored with it.

D) She likes it because it is very convenient.

 

35．The phrase "coming back out of the cave" in the fifth paragraph means

A) coming back home.

B) going back home.

C) living a luxurious life.

D) restoring direct human contact.

.

                                  Star Quality

A new anti-cheating system for counting the judges' scores in ice skating is flawed, according to leading sports specialists. Ice skating's governing body announced the new rules last week after concerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influenced.

Initially the judges in the pairs figure-skating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City voted 5 to 4 to give the gold medal to a Russian pair, even though they had a fall during their routine. But the International Skating Union suspended the French judge for failing to reveal that she had been put under pressure to vote for the Russians. The International Olympics Committee then decided to give a second gold to the Canadian runners-up.

The ISU, skating's governing body, now says it intends to change the rules. In future 14 judges will judge each event, but only 7 of their scores - selected at random - will count.

The ISU won't finally approve the new system until it meets in June but already UK Sport, the British Government's sports body, has expressed reservations. "I remain to be convinced that the random selection system would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethical sport is looking for", says Jerry Bingham, UK Sport's head of ethics.

A random system can still be manipulated, says Mark Dixon, a specialist on sports statistics from the Royal Statistical Society in London. "The score of one or two judges who have been nobbled may still be in the seven selected."

Many other sports that have judges, including diving, gymnastics, and synchronized swimming, have a system that discards the highest and lowest scores. If a judge was under pressure to favour a particular team, they would tend to give it very high scores and mark down the opposition team, so their scores wouldn't count. It works for diving, says Jeff Cook, a member of the international government body's technical committee. "If you chuck out those at the top and bottom you're left with those in the middle, so you're getting a reasonable average."

Since the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, diving has tightened up in its system still further. Two separate panels of judges score different rounds of diving during top competitions. Neither panel knows the scores given by the other. "We have done this to head off any suggestion of bias,"' says

Cook.

Bingham urged the ISU to consider other options. "This should involve examining the way in which other sports deal with problem of adjudicating on matter of style and presentation," he says

 

 

36．Which of the following was the final result of the pairs figure-skating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City?

A) The Russian pair was the only gold-medal winner.

B) The Canadian pair was the only gold-medal winner.

C) The Russian pair and the Canadian pair were each awarded a gold medal.

D) The Canadian pair was awarded two gold medals.

 

37．According to the new rules proposed by the ISU,

A) the number of judges will be doubled.

B) only half of the judges will score.

C) only some selected judges will score.

D) only half of the scores will count.

 

38．What does Jerry Bingham express by saying "I remain to be convinced"?

A) His anger.

B) His criticism.

C) His disagreement.

D) His doubt.

 

39．Which of the following is NOT true of the scoring system for diving when it is compared with

that for ice-skating?

A) It is more biased.

B) It is more reasonable.

C) It is fairer.

D) It is tighter.

 

40．The attitude of those concerned in the UK to the new rules proposed by ISU can be best described as

A) indifferent.

B) reserved.

C) enthusiastic.

D) disapproving.

 

Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents - at least in the bird world. Mother zebra finches' have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to get a mate.

The finding shows that family conflict is as important an evolutionary driving force as ecological factors such as hunting and food supply. With two parents around, there's always a conflict of interests, which can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the offspring.

In evolutionary terms, the best strategy for any parent in the animal world is to find someone else to care for their offspring, so they can concentrate on breeding again. So it's normal for parents to try to pass the buck to each other: But Ian Hartley from the University of Lancaster and his team wondered how families solve this conflict, and how the conflict itself affects the offspring.

To find out, they measured how much effort zebra finch parents put into raising their babies. They compared single females with pairs, by monitoring the amount of food each parent collected, and removing or adding chicks so that each pair of birds was raising four chicks, and each single mum had two - supposedly the same amount of work.

But single mums, they found, put in about 25 per cent more effort than females rearing with their mate. To avoid being exploited, mothers with a partner hold back from working too hard if the father is being lazy, and it's the chicks that pay the price. "The offspring suffer some of the cost of this conflict," says Hartley.

The cost does not show in any obvious decrease in size or weight, but in how attractive they are to the opposite sex. When the chicks were mature, the researchers tested the "fitness" of the male offspring by offering females their choice of partner. Those males reared by single mums were chosen more often than those from two-parent families.

Sexual conflict has long been thought to affect the quality of care given to offspring, says zoologist Rebecca Kilner at Cambridge University, who works on conflict of parents in birds. "But the experimental evidence is not great. The breakthrough here showing it empirically."

More surprising, says Kilner, is Hartley's statement that conflict may be a strong influence on the evolution of behaviour, clutch size and even appearance. "People have not really made that link," says Hartley. A female's reproductive strategy is usually thought to be affected by hunting and food supply. Kilner says conflict of parents should now be taken into account as well.

 

41．With which of the following statements would the author probably agree?

A) Single mums produce stronger sons.

B) Single mums do not produce daughters.

C) Two-parent families produce less attractive children.

D) Two-parent families produce more beautiful offspring.

 

42．According to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring?

A) The young males get less care.

B) The young females will decrease in weight.

C) The offspring will become lazy father. or mother in the future.

D) The offspring will not get mature easily.

 

43．What is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?

A) Cause and effect.

B) Experiment and result.

C) Problem and solution.

D) Topic and comment.

 

44．According to Hartley, which of the following is NOT influenced by sexual conflict?

A) The evolution of how the offspring act.

B) The look of the offspring's faces.

C) The number of eggs produced by one offspring at a time.

D) The offspring's body size.

 

45．According to the passage, people believe that a female's reproductive strategy is influenced by

A) an evolutionary driving force.

B) a conflict of interests.

C) ecological factors.

D) the quality of the offspring.

 

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

   下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

We can now watch electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circuits. By scanning the magnetic field generated as electric currents flow through objects, physicists have managed ____________(46). The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes.

Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object and ____________(47)

Their sensor is adapted from an existing piece of technology that is used to measure large magnetic fields in computer hard drives. "We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fields," says Xiao.

The resulting device is capable of detecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes, even when the wire is buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features as small as 40 nanometers across.

At present, engineers looking for defects in a chip have to peel off the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles ____________ (48). But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electro migration - where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and moves them along. "It is like watching a river flow,” explains Xiao.

As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of any object capable of conducting electricity. For example, it could look directly at microscopic cracks in an aeroplane's fuselage, __________ (49). The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activity in the human brain because the current there is too small‑but Xiao doesn't rule it out in the future. "I can never say never," he says.

Although the researchers. have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sales from electronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working __________ (50).

 

 

A. to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds

B. to making chips any smaller

C. to take tiny chips we require

D. to picture the progress of the currents

E. converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point

F. faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample

 

 

第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）

   下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

 

From the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway. to travel upon. The first __________ (51) arose where water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge to man's ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar __________ (52) the Nile's annual flooding. The Babylonians, who were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times, invented laws __________ (53) water usage. Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000- __________ (54) canal, a complex system which, after nearly 2,500 years, remains still practically __________ (55) and still commands the astonishment of engineers. But the __________ (56) never found complete solutions to their water problems. The Yellow River is also known __________ (57) "China's Sorrow"; it is so unpredictable and dangerous __________ (58) in a single flood it may cause a million __________ (59). Floods slowed the great civilization of the Indus River Valley, and inadequate drainage ruined __________ (60) its land. Today water dominates__________ (61) as it always has done. Its presence continues to __________ (62) the location of his homes and cities; its violent variability can __________ (63) man or his herds or his crops; its routes links him __________ (64) his fellows; .its immense value may __________ (65) to already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples of this in our own time.