第1部分：词汇练习（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

    下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．Since ancient times people have found various ways to preserve meat.

A) carve          B) cook

C) freeze          D) keep

2．In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.

A ) thought        B) mind

C) account        D) memory

3．The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.

A) take out         B) repair

C) pull            D) dig

4．In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.

A) step up          B) decrease

C) stop            D) control

5．The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy’s cost.

A) together         B) in succession

C) in alliance       D) in connection

6．Your eternal boasting annoys everyone.

A) unchangeable     B) everlasting

C) boring           D) monotonous

7．They always mock me because I am ugly.

A) smile at          B) look down upon

C) belittle           D) laugh at

8．She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis.

A) lived on          B) depended on

C) lived off          D) believed in

9．Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.

A) error            B) function

C) attraction         D) miracle

10．I The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful.

A) efficient          B) respectful

C) respectable        D) well-informed

11．Smoking is not permitted in the office.

A) probable          B) possible

C) admitted          D) allowed

12．The young man was accused of theft in the supermarket.

A) arrested for        B) charged with

C) praised for        D) described as

13．To understand what we are going to talk about today, you have to rely on what you have read previously.

A) beforehand         B) carefully

C) before             D) in advance

14．They all agreed that the changes that have taken place are substantial.

A) significant          B) superficial

C) inadequate          D) inevitable

15．The little girl grasped her mother’s arms she crossed the street.

A) understood          B) had a hold over

C) took hold of         D) left hold of

 

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

                     　　　　Rescue Platform

In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from burning skyscrapers. One idea is a platform capable. of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter. The platform would rise up and down alongside a skyscraper and pick up people trapped in high stories.

The idea for the vertical takeoff platform was hatched more than ten years ago by a Russian aerospace engineer, David Metreveli, who has since moved to Israel. Metreveli's design, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that turn four large horizontal propellers. The spinning of the propellers generates the necessary lift, or upward force, to raise the platform. The more power is supplied to the propellers, the higher the platform rises. Moving the platform sideways Involves applying differing amounts of power to each propeller.

Helicopters are now used in some cases to get people out of burning buildings. Escape baskets slung from them dangle beside the building for people to climb into. Unfortunately, the baskets cannot reach every floor of a building because the ropes from which they hang become unstable beyond a certain length.

  So far, Metreveli has built a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. In the wake of September 11，he has been able to secure enough funding to start building a larger, 4-meter by 4-meter prototype, which he calls the Eaglet.

 

16  A rescue platform called the Eagle is capable of moving vertically but not sideways.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

17  The four propellers are fitted horizontally to the Eagle.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

18  With the help of jet engines, the Eagle can fly at a speed of .100 miles an hour.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

19  In the third paragraph, the word helicopter refers to the Eagle.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

20  The more jet engines are fitted to the propellers, the more people-the platform can carry.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

21  In the wake of September 11，Mr. Metreveli has secured enough funding to build up a

    small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

22  Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israel a more advanced form of rescue platform than the Eagle

or the Eaglet.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

 

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

   下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

1   The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering .the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with many firsts in space.

2.   During Mir's lifetime, Russia spent about US$4.2 billion to build and maintain the station.

3.   The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from11countries. From 1995 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles.

4.   The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.

5.   A debate continues over Mir's contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23,000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations 3. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995． And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.

6.   Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.

7.   Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir's reputation as a space station was ruined.

8.   Mir's setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it's time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.

 

23  Paragraph 4                               

 

24  Paragraph 5           

 

25  Paragraph 6           

 

26  Paragraph 8           

 

27  Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for a long time _________．　　　　

 

28  In Mir, the US astronauts created _________．

 

29  When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are ______________．

 

30 The writer tends to think that Mir was                    .

               

 

                         

第4部分: 阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

    阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。

                    Kasparov: Chess Computers Beatable ... For Now

Humans will continue to beat computers for years, but the machines are likely to dominate in matches played over several games, according to the world's top chess player.

"We will not see a machine replacing a human being in our lifetime. Man will be able to beat a computer in at least one game for a very long dime," Kasparov told a press conference in Moscow a week after settling for a draw in a six-game match with the computer Deep Junior in New York. But while human intuition can provide an advantage in individual games, "Man will never be able to play 8 or 10 games in a row to an equal level," Kasparov said. He gradually declines for a variety of external factors: the weather, a headache, family strains or whatever."

In his Man vs. Machine contest in the United States, Kasparov won the first game, but lost the third after committing a mid-game blunder. He then adopted a safety-first strategy, and in the sixth game passed up a chance to win by accepting a draw in a position some analysts said was

favourable.

Kasparov-watchers believe he was determined above all not to lose to Deep Junior because he was still smarting from a defeat to another computer, Deep Blue, in 1997. That loss clearly rankled Kasparov, and he said at the time that the computer had been receiving assistance from its human operators.

The Russian, who has reigned undisputedly as the world's top player since 1985, said he was "satisfied overall" with his result against Deep Junior, although " if I'd been in better shape and had more time to prepare the result might have been different." He stressed the importance of psychology in chess between one human player and another, and described the "psychological discomfort" involved in adapting to a confrontation with a machine. In chess with humans, "you're always attempting to impose your decisions on the personality of your rival. A game is always an exchange of errors, of imprecision. It's psychology. There's never complete exactitude or purity in a game of chess," he said. "But playing against a machine, beyond a certain point, to win or even to save the game you have to play with absolute exactitude, which is not a human quality. Knowing this specificity of your rival creates a psychological discomfort which is very difficult to overcome."

Kasparov was at pains to stress that his 1997 defeat was an aberration: "The main thing was to show that what happened then had nothing to do with the fight between man and machine. Any impartial specialist can see that Deep Junior is much stronger than Deep Blue. The real battle begins now."

 

31．According to Kasparov,

    A) humans can beat computers in individual games.

    B) computers will never take the place of human beings in games.

    C) human beings can never beat computers in individual or series games.

D) human intuition plays an important role in games.

.

32．In the contest with Deep Junior in the United States, Kasparov

    A) lost the game.

    B) won the game.

    C) settled for a draw.

    D) left the game unfinished.

 

33．Which of the following statements is true about Kasparov's contest with Deep Blue in 1997？

    A) He made up his mind to win Deep Blue.

    B) He was smart enough to have beaten Deep Blue.

    C) Deep Blue received human assistance.

    D) Kasparov was unwilling to admit his defeat by Deep Blue.

 

34．According to Kasparov, a human vs. machine chess game may involve all the following qualities EXCEPT that

    A) it involves psychological discomfort in the mind of the human player.

    B) it demands the human player of absolute exactitude.

    C) it creates an exchange of errors between man and machine.

    D) it is difficult to overcome psychological discomfort.

 

35．Kasparov's remarks on his 1997 defeat imply that

    A) man was no match to computer in intelligence.

    B) Deep Blue was unbeatable.

    C) Deep Blue also made blunders.

    D) if he had made no blunders, he should have beaten Deep Blue.

.

                                  Sauna

Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.

The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.

Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery times. The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying "feed a cold, starve a fever." The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.

Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow, The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100 -150 beats per minute.

A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.

 

36．Ceremonial bathing

    A) is called the sauna by Finns.

    B) is equivalent to the steam bath.

    C) has various forms.

    D) is held in an enclosed room.

 

37．What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?

    A) Saunas in underground caves.

    B) Saunas with smoke.

    C) Saunas using wood burning stoves.

    D) Saunas using electric stoves.

 

38．According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT

    A) reducing the chance of getting cold.

    B) speeding recovery.

    C) relieving stress.

    D) curing asthma.

 

39．According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because

    A) pores are cleaned by sweat.

    B) water is lost by sweating.

    C) blood moves to the surface for heat exchange.

    D) the heart pumps harder and faster.

 

40．Who are advised not to take a sauna?

    A) Elderly people. ,

    B) Pregnant women.

    C) People with heart trouble:

    D) All of the above.

Scientists watched closely last spring as a haze of pollution, which had been tracked by satellite as it crossed the Pacific Ocean, settled over a large swath of North America from Calgary, Canada, into Arizona. Now it appears that, for the first time; researchers on both sides of the Pacific took detailed measurements of the same plume, a- cloud that contained Gobi desert dust as well as hydrocarbons from industrial pollution.

Heather Price, a University of Washington doctoral student in chemistry, found that, the amount of light reflected by the particles in the air was more than 550 percent greater than normal for that time of year. The mass of Asian air contained elevated levels of all pollutants measured. Price said, "but the only thing that came close to being alarming was the level of particulate matter."

The haze that settled across the western part of the country was widely reported by the news media, and it was measured as far inland as the ski slopes of Aspen, Colo.

Readings on the western side of the Pacific came from the Aerosol Characterization Experiments, a project aimed at understanding how particles in the atmosphere affect Earth's climate. Additional measurements were taken in the same region at the same time under a project sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Knowing the pollution was approaching Washington state, Price loaded sensing equipment aboard a rented Beechcraft on April 14 and flew to Neah Bay on the state's Northwest coast. Taking samples at various levels from 15;000 feet to 20,000 feet in altitude, she monitored quantities of dust, ozone, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. "From my copilot's seat, the-dust was thick enough to see with the naked eke," Price said.

Now she's trying to correlate her findings with those of the two research teams operating on the other side of the-Pacific, where at one point the pollution-plume was larger than Japan. The huge size of the cloud showed up clearly in satellite images that gave Price plenty of warning the haze was on its way. "You can see these two blobs coming out of the deserts of Mongolia and growing over Asia, then getting swept out over the ocean and finally setting over North America," she said. She intends to continue. measuring air -samples off the Washington coast and will be looking for air masses with evidence of pollution originating somewhere other than Asia．"We'd like to see if we can get a signature of pollution coming from Europe because computer models suggest that European sources also can be transported across the Pacific," she said. "However, we expect that sources in Europe will contribute less than Asian sources."

 

41．The haze of pollution mentioned in the first paragraph is a cloud

    A) of moisture over Calgary, Canada.

    B) developing over Pacific Ocean.

    C) of industrial pollutants.

    D) of desert dust and hydrocarbons.

42．One of the Price's findings (Paragraph 2) about the particles of the air is that

    A) they contain more pollutants than normal particles.

    B) they move much faster in high altitudes than in low altitudes.

    C) they are finer and lighter than normal particles.

    D) their ability to reflect light is much than stronger.．

43．What did Price not do during her research?

A) She rented a Beechcraft.

B) She used her sensing equipment aboard the Beechcraft.

C) She collected samples of pollutants on the Northwest coast for further tests.

D) She tested quantities of chemicals in the air.

44．According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements about the two research teams is true?

A) The two research teams whose findings Price correlates hers with are based in Asia.

B) Price corrects some inaccurate data provided by the two teams operating in Asia. .

C) Price is working with the two research teams in Japan.

D) The two teams in Asia volunteer to correlate their findings with Price's.

45．Which of the statements is closest in meaning to the sentence "...; we expect that souicos it

Europe will contribute less than Asian sources."?

A) Pollution is expected to be less serious in Europe than in Asia.

B) Pollution is studied in more depth in Europe than in Asia.

C) Pollutants coming from Europe are not the main source of pollution in North America.

D) Pollutants coming from Europe are the main source of pollution in North America.

 

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

   下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

If the lights in your house keep flickering, blame frequent sunspots.

A sunspot is actually charged particles flying at the speed of 3 million kilometers an hour out of the surface of the sun to form sun storms.

Every 11 years, the sun, as its energy accumulate inside up to a certain point, will send out streams of charged particles. __________ (46)

One is that the magnetic field of the earth is much disturbed because of the sun's interference in the ionosphere, which is 80 to 500 kilometers above the earth. Wireless short-wave communication, which depends on the wave's reflection against this layer of atmosphere, is likely to be jammed. __________ (47)

Scientists also say that the active movement of the charged sun storm also has effects on earthquakes. According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots. Little research has been carried out so far about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people. __________ (48)So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays.

Besides, the nervous system is also affected. __________ (49)

It is hard to say when the sunspots are most violent during their active year, but generally one active period is believed to last possibly eight days. Not long ago there were two violent sun storms breaking out, which seriously affected mobile phone communication, etc. in many parts of the world. __________ (50)

 

A. Ionosphere is important to wireless and mobile communication.

B. But the communication situation in each case returned to normal in about 24 hours.

C. Statistics show that traffic accidents are more frequent when sunspots are active.

D. A paper published by a North Korea observatory, however, says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease.

E. It is said that mobile phone communication may be affected too.

F. These charged particles affect the earth, which is directly energized by the sun, in a number of ways.

 

第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）

   下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

 

China is to contribute to a new global satellite navigation system being developed by European nations. The Galileo satellite system __________ (51) a more accurate civilian alternative to the Global Positioning System (GPS), operated by the US military. China will provide 230m Euros (USD 259m) in __________ (52) and will cooperate with technical, manufacturing and market development. "China will help Galileo to__________ (53) the major world infrastructure for the growing market for location services," said Loyola de Palacio, EU transport commissioner.

A new center that will coordinate co-operation was also announced__________ (54) the European Commission, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology not long __________ (55). The China-Europe Global Navigation Satellite System Technical Training and Cooperation Center will be __________ (56) at Beijing University. China has a substantial satellite launch industry and could potentially help launch the Galileo satellites.

The US has claimed that Galileo could- interfere__________ (57) the US ability to downgrade the GPS service during military conflicts. European officials say this is unfounded and counter that US opposition __________ (58) the commercial challenge Galileo would present to GPS. Galileo will be precise to within a meter, while the civilian GPS service is accurate to around 10 meters.

The Galileo satellite constellation' will __________ (59) 27 operational and three reserve satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 23,600 km. The satellites will be strung along three medium-Earth orbits at 56 degrees inclination to the equator and will provide global coverage. The system should be operational by 2008 and the entire project is expected to __________ (60) around 3.2 billion Euros (USD 3.6 billion).

The European Commission has said Galileo will primarily be used for transportation technology, scientific research, land management and disaster monitoring.

Galileo will provide two signals; a standard civilian one and an encrypted, wide-band signal __________ (61) the Public Regulated Service (PRS). This second signal is designed to withstand localized jamming and will be used by police and military services in Europe. European Commission __________ (62) have said China will not be given access to the PRS.

The first Galileo satellite is scheduled to launch late in 2004. Clocks on board __________ (63) will be synchronized through 20 ground sensors stations, two command centers and 15 uplink stations.

Receivers on the ground will use time signals from the satellites to precisely calculate their __________ (64). A "search and rescue" function will also  __________ (65) distress signals be relayed through the constellation of satellites.