第1部分：词汇练习（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

    下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．It was said that after his father’s death, he possessed nearly half of his father’s wealth.

A) wasted             B) owned

C) purchased           D) sold

2．I can no longer tolerate his actions.

A) put up with         B) accept

C) take               D) suffer from

3．A deadly disease has affected these animals.

A) contagious          B) serious

C) fatal               D) high-ranking

4．Gas does accumulate in the mines around here.

A) increase            B) spread

C) collect              D) grow

5．Society is now much more diverse than ever before.

A) colorful            B) attractive

C) flexible            D) varied

6．Other women seemed contented and they even exhibited their bellies with pride.

A) demonstrated        B) uncovered

C) spread              D) showed

7．These are our motives for doing it.

A) reasons             B) arguments

C) targets              D) stimuli

8．John removed his overcoat.

A) took away           B) left aside

C) took off             D) washed off

9．The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely.

A) compactly            B) inexpensively

C) quickly              D) carefully

10．The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.

A) simply useless        B) really practical

C) very little            D) extremely useful

11．Smoking is not permitted in the office.

A) probable          B) possible

C) admitted          D) allowed

12．You must shine your shoes.

A) lighten               B) clean

C) wash                 D) polish

13．His claims seem credible to many people.

A) workable             B) convincing

C) practical              D) reliable

14．There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.

A) beats                 B) matches

C) maintains             D) announces

15．The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.

A) reasonable             B) sensible

C) crazy                 D) unbelievable

 

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

                     　　　Tanning Parlors Take Heat

People who seek a glamorous tan through sun lamps may double their risk of, developing who start at a young age.

    The study, appearing in the latest issue of Journal of the U.S．National Cancer Institute concluded that people who use tanning devices were 1.5 to 2.5 times more likely to have common kinds of skin cancer than were people who did not use the devices.

    The study confirmed what doctors have long suspected－that sun lamp use increases the risk of basal ce11 and squamous ce11 skin cancers, said Margaret R. Karagas, first author of the study.

Either going to the tanning parlor, or getting an infrequent sunburn can seriously damage the skin, said Dr. James Spencer, vice chairman of the department of dermatology at Mount Hospital, but the small, day-to-day exposure is worse for the skin in the long run.

    Joseph A. Levy, vice president of the International Smart Tan Network, however, said occasional sunburn "is a risk factor in all forms of skin cancer and intermittent sunburn is what the tanning industry is trying to stop.”

    In the study, Karagas and her colleagues interviewed 603 basal cell skin cancer patients and 293 with squamous cell skin cancer. They talked to 540 control subjects, who did not have either type of skin cancer.

    About 1 million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer. Among those skin cancer patients, about 80 percent are with basal cell skin cancer, 16 percent, with squamous cell skin cancer and 4 percent, with melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancers. Back to the interviewed patients, 190 reported that they had used tanning devices at some time. In the control groups, only 75 had used such devices. Karagas said a statistical analysis shows that those who used tanning equipment were 2.5 times more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer than those who had not used the devices. For basal cell cancer, the risk was 1.5 times greater.

The risk was highest for those who first used the tanning devices before the age of 20, said Karagas. For this group, the squamous cell cancer risk was 3.6 times greater than that of the controls while the basal cell cancer risk was 1.3 times greater.

 

16  The passage confirms that using tanning equipment is harmful to one's health.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

17  The highest rate of skin cancers is found in teenagers who use sun lamps frequently.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

18  Melanoma is a more serious cancer than lung cancer.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

19  Karagas reported her research results basing on interviews with a group of skin cancer

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

20  Doctor James Spencer's argument implies that in the long run, getting an infrequent sunburn

    is worse than the small, day-to-day exposure.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

21  The passage mentions three forms of skin cancers, of which squamous cell skin cancer is the

    most dangerous.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

22  It is implied in Mr. Levy's argument (Paragraph 5) that frequent exposure to sun lamps is

    safe.

A．Right          B．Wrong          C．Not mentioned

 

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

   下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

1.  Lightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as an enormous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago, many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon.

2.  Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges -build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the ground's surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.

3.  A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough, it breaks through the insulating barrier of air, and electrons zigzag earthward. We see the discharge as lightning.

4.  Lightning can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between clouds and- the ground. The first variety, intra-cloud lightning, is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to-ground lightning, making up about 20 percent of lightning discharges, is what we usually see. Lightning comes in several forms, including sheet, ribbon, and ball. Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like, a white sheet; hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds, they can shift the lightning channel sideways, so it looks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.

5.  Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge. Temperatures near the discharge can reach as high as 50,0000Fwithin thousandths of a second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion, generating shock waves we hear as thunder.

6.  About 2,000 thunderstorms are occurring in the world at any time, generating about 100 lightning strikes every second, or 8 million daily. Within the United States, lightning strikes are estimated at 20 million a year, or about 22,000 per day. You have a,1-in-600,000 chance of being struck by lightning during your lifetime. Lightning can strike twice or more in the same spot. The Empire State Building, in New York is struck by lightning about two, dozen times annually.

7.  You can measure how far you are from a lightning strike by counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang, and then dividing by five. This approximates the mileage.

 

23 Paragraph 2and3                               

 

24 Paragraph 4           

 

25 Paragraph 5           

 

26 Paragraph 6           

 

27  Inmost cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the ground's surface _________．　　　　

 

28  One form of lightning that _________ is ball lightning.

 

29  Cloud lightning looks like a ribbon when its lightning channel ______________．

 

30 Although not fully understanding processes of lightning, man                    .

               

 

                         

第4部分: 阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

    阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。

                      Powering a City? It's a Breeze

The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips - yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines.

Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the "urban turbine" is a high-tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftops of busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often more efficient than rural counterparts, they take advantage of the extreme turbulence and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns.

Prototypes have been successfully tested in several Dutch cities, and the city government in the Hague has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US$8,000 to US$12,000 and can generate between 3,000 and 7,000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10,000 kilowatt hours.

But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercial buildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane.

    Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but the ever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. The Netherlands, with 16 million people crowded into a country twice the size of Slovenia, is the most densely populated in Europe.

Problems remain, however, for example, public safety concerns, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturers. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. People don't know what it would be like to work there, in. an office next to one of the big turbines. It might be too hectic.

    Meanwhile, projects are under way to use minimills to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. "I think the thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations," said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. "It's a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard. I don't think anybody wants a nuclear power plant in their backyard.

 

31．What are the symbols- of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph?

    A) The flat landscape.

    B) Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.

    C) Metal-pole turbines.

    D) Both A and B．

.

32．Which statement is best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?

    A) It is a windmill put on rooftops of buildings for energy generation.

    B) It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.

    C) It is light and quiet and therefore more efficient.

    D) It is driven by urban wind.

 

33．The smallest models of an urban turbine

    A) is designed for private homes.

    B) weighs 2,000 kilograms.

    C) can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane:

    D) can be installed with a crane.

34．Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because

    A) the Dutch are natural pioneers.

    B) the Dutch have a tradition with windmills.

    C) the Netherlands is windier than Germany, Finland and Slovenia.

    D) the Netherlands is a small country with a large population.

 

35．According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?

    A) It can-be used for different purposes.

    B) It can replace nuclear power plant.

    C) It can be installed in one's backyard.

    D) Both A and C

 

                       "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning

In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food．Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.

    After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer. "Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by the study volunteers," Dal Maso says. The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn't eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

    For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight to more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.

    People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals．In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.

    "Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer." Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues．He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue's lower exposure to alcohol.

36．Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with people

    A) who drink alcohol outside of meals.

    B) who drink alcohol at meals.

    C) who never drink alcohol.

    D) who drink alcohol at bars and pubs.

 

37．Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about "drinking with

      meals"?

    A) It has a lower risk of cancer than drinking without food.

    B) It may also be a cause of cancer.

    C) It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.

    D) It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.

 

38．Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?

    A) 3 drinks.

    B) 8 drinks.

    C) 20 drinks.

    D) 56 drinks.

 

39．Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?

    A) Oral cancer.

    B) Laryngeal cancer.

    C) Pharyngeal cancer.

    D) Esophageal cancer.

 

40．According to the last paragraph, tissue's lower exposure to alcohol

    A) explains why inflammation triggers cancer.

    B) accounts for why food can coat digestive-tract tissues.

    C) is the reason why food can scrub alcohol off tissues.

    D) reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.

 

Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to "clone" chickens on a massive scale. Once a chicken with desirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered, tens of thousands of eggs, which will hatch into identical copies, could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clones could be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate, have the same amount of meat and taste the same.

This, at least, is the vision of the US's National Institute of Science and Technology, which has given Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California, and Embrex of North Carolina $4.7 million to help fund research. The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups, who fear it could increase the suffering of farm birds.

That's unlikely to put off the poultry industry, however, which wants disease-resistant birds that grow faster on less food. "Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there," says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen. To meet this demand, Origen aims to "create an animal that is effectively a clone", he says. Normal cloning doesn't work in birds because eggs can't be removed and implanted. Instead, the company is trying to bulk-grow embryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as they're laid. "The trick is to cultures the cells without them starting to distinguish, so they remain pluripotent," says Fitzgerald.

Using a long-established technique, these donor cells will then bc4r}pcted into the embryo of a freshly laid, fertilized recipient egg, forming a chick that is a "chimera". Strictly speaking a chimera isn't a clone, because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgerald says it will be enough if, say, 95 percent of a chicken's body develops from donor cells. "In the poultry world, it doesn't matter if it's not 100 percent," he says.

Another challenge for Origen is to scale upl0 production. To do this, it has teamed up with Embrex, which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50,000 eggs an hour. Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells into precisely the right spot without killing it.

In future, Origen imagines freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken. If orders come in for a particular strain, millions of eggs could be produced in months or even weeks. At present, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders, and it takes years to bread enough chickens to produce the billions of eggs that farmers need.

 

41．Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first

paragraph?

A) Eggs are all genetically engineered.

B) Thousands of eggs. are produced every hour.

C) Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.

D) Identical eggs can be hatched on the production lines.

 

42．Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?

A) The US's National Institute, of Science and Technology.

B) Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California.

C) Embrex of North Carolina.

D) Animal welfare groups.

 

43．In the third, paragraph, by saying" Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there." Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes

A) chickens' quality could be maintained but with less investment.

B) chickens' taste could be improved but at less costs.

C) chickens' growth rate could be quickened but with less inputs.

D) chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed.

 

44．Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?

A) Origen and Embrex will jointly invent machines to increase production.

B) Origen wants to purchase an efficient donor cells injecting machine.

C) Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.

D) Origen is the leading company in producing embryo-locating machines.

 

45．The technology of freezing, stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the

following EXCEPT that

A) farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.

B) Origen can supply all the strains of chicken the market might need.

C) chicken farmers order certain strains of chicken for economic reasons.

D) chicken farmers can be supplied with whatever strain they need.

 

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

   下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

                       Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change

At picnics, ants are pests.-But they have their uses. In industries such as mining, farming and forestry, they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.

    It has been recognized for decades that ants一which are highly sensitive to ecological change一can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem. Only certain species, for instance，will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees. __________ (46) And still others will move in and take up residence.

    By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how "stressed" the land is. __________ (47) Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species.

    Where mine sites are being restored, for example, some ant species will recolonize the stripped land more quickly than others. __________ (48) Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.

    Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil, where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations. "We found it worked extremely well there," says Jonathan Majer, a professor of environmental biology. Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia, he says, because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it, "That's the great thing about ants."

    Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting.

    Why not? Because many companies can't afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey. The cost stems, also, from the scarcity of ant specialists.

 

A ．This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.

B． Yet in other businesses, such as farming and property development, ant surveys aren't used widely.

C． Employing those people are expensive.

D． They do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers and comparing the results with those

    of earlier surveys.

E． The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.

F． Others will die out for lack of food.

 

第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）

   下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

 

If you can walk a quarter-mile, odds are you have at least six years of life left in you, scientists say. And the faster you can do it, the longer you might live.

While walking is no guarantee of __________ (51) or longevity, a new study found that the __________ (52) of elderly people to do the quarter-mile was an "important determinant" in __________ (53) or not they'd be alive six years later and how much illness and disability they would__________ (54).

"The ability to complete this walk was a __________ (55) predictor of health outcomes," said study leader Anne Newman of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine." In fact, we found that the people who could not complete the walk were at an extremely high risk of __________ (56) disability and death."

Newman and colleagues __________ (57) nearly 2,700 white and African-American men and women aged 70 to 79 to complete in non-running __________ (58). All the participants were screened and determined to be in relatively good health, and they had all said they had previously walked that far with no problem. However, only 86 percent of them__________ (59).

The scientists then monitored the health and mortality of all participants for the _________ (60) six years. "There was a big gap in health outcomes _________ (61) people who could complete the longer walk and people who could not, with the latter being at an extremely high risk of _________ ________(62) disabled or dying," Newman said. "What was really surprising is that these people were not ___________(63) how vulnerable they actually were."

Finishing times were found to be ____________(63), too. Those who completed the walk but were among the slowest 25 percent faced three times greater risk of death than the ____________(65) folks.