2007年度全国职称英语等级考试考前培训
综合B练习卷（一）
第1部分：词汇练习（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．Numerous attempts have been made to hide the truth．
A) Many B) Successful
C) Effective D) Unsuccessful
2．Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War．
A) baggage B) orphanage
C) reportage D) usage
3．Many residents of apartment complexes object to noisy neighbors．
A) managers B) occupants
C) landlords D) caretakers
4．Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality．
A) demand B) rely on
C) prepare for D) create
5．Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages．
A) crudely B) rarely
C) originally D) symbolically
6．He achieved success through hard work.．
A) reached B) reaped
C) attained D) took
7．In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the transitional phase between the primary grades and high school．
A) stage B) notion
C) pattern D) alternative
8．Fluoride deters tooth decay by reducing the growth of bacteria that destroy tooth enamel．
A) facilitates B) overwhelms
C) inhibits D) loosens
9．Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified．
A) sufficiently B) noticeably
C) intentionally D) absolutely
10．The Constitution’s vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change．
A) imprecise B) concise
C) unpolished D) elementary
11．Gambling is lawful in Nevada．
A) legal B) irresistible
C) enjoyable D) profitable
12．The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts．
A) very strong B) very long
C) very great D) very fast
13．The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War．
A) demanded B) elicited
C) extracted D) defied
14．The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached．
A) boundary B) skeleton
C) enclosure D) material
15．The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy．
A) difficult B) worried
C) anxious D) unhappy
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Computers
Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company.On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes. .
The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.
Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States — one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work. However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers. Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work; how they are developed; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.
One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.
16. Equipped with computers, managers today operate their firms with higher efficiency and less cost than they used to be.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. One thing that managers do not have to understand.is how computers work.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Science Fiction
1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.
2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.
3 Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.
4 Modern science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.
5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.
|
A Popularity of Science Fiction
B A Fairly New Development
C Classics of Science Fiction
D Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific Adventure
E Its Origin
F Themes of Modern Science Fiction |
23 Paragraph 1
24 Paragraph 2
25 Paragraph 3
26 Paragraph 4
27 Some form of ideal society is
28 Books written by J. Verne are
29 People enjoy
30 Works of modern science fiction have
|
A a recurrent theme
B concerned with the problems that we have to solve in the future
C reading books of science fiction
D political implications
E a current theme
F read worldwide |
第4部分: 阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。
Wealth and Discontent
If your sense of well-being fluctuates with stock market, you might be comforted to know that money can't buy you happiness anyway.
In one American study conducted in 1993, level of income was shown to have an inverse relation to happiness: The group whose income had declined was happier overall than the group whose income had increased. A soon-to-be published review of the hundreds of studies on this subject supports the 1993 findings.
In developed countries, the correlation between income and happiness is close to zero and sometimes negative.
With a correlation between level of income and happiness somewhere between 0.12 and 0.18,
the United States is near the bottom of the list; that, factors other than incomes are overwhelmingly more important in explaining happiness.
Also, as our material wealth increases, the gap between income and satisfaction with life seems to be widening. Predictably, money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person has achieved a minimal standard of living level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness.
Close relationship, rather than money, is the key to happiness. Indeed, the number of one's personal friends is a much better indicator of overall satisfaction with life than personal wealth. One stands a better chance of achieving a satisfying life by spending time with friends and family than by striving for higher income. Incidentally, in the US, as people become richer, the probability of divorce increases.
Our need for companionship is partly biological. All primates respond with pleasure to demonstrations of affection and with pain to loss of companionship. Isolated monkeys will sacrifice food just for the glimpses of another monkey. By ignoring our biologically programmed need for each other, we risk physical and mental distress.
A recent cross-national study of mental depression in the US found that in advanced countries, there is a rising tide of major depression. Teenage suicides have increased in recent decades in almost all advanced countries. Moreover, in the US since World War II, there has been an actual decline in the proportion of people who report themselves to be “very unhappy.”
You can easily test the claim that companionship exceeds wealth as a source of happiness. Ask yourself which has a greater influence on your satisfaction with life: your income or the affection of your intimate companions and the well-being of your children? Conversely, which would make you more depressed: a reduction in salary or a divorce and isolation from your friends?
Capitalism succeeds in creating material riches, but it is less successful in building companionable societies and protecting family integrity. But, developing countries still have much work to do in pursuing material wealth, where a rise in productivity still greatly increases happiness. For poorer countries, the time is not yet ripe for a shift in priorities from wealth accumulation to companionship. I
Can we afford to believe that the pursuit of material gain will lead to self-fulfillment? We should continue to enjoy our wealth in good company, or else we may find that it is not satisfying.
31 According to the 3rd paragraph, which of the following is true in developed countries?
A) The more money one has, the unhappier he becomes.
B) Income and happiness are closely related.
C) The richer one is, the happier he is.
D) More money does not necessarily make one happier.
32 Which of the following statements best describes the situation in the US, according to the 1993 study?
A) Most people think personal wealth can make them happy.
B) Most people do not think wealth has much to do with happiness.
C) Money is an important factor in making one happy.
D) Happiness can only be explained in terms of income.
33 In the author's opinion, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) Wealth means differently to the poor and the rich.
B) Money makes the poor and the rich equally happy.
C) Money means less to a person as he achieves a higher standard of living.
D) Money means more to the poor than to the rich.
34 According to the author, which of the following is most likely to share our biological need for companionship besides the monkey?
A) A swallow.
B) A pig. ,
C) An ape.
D) A dog.
35 Which of the following is the least likely cause of one's unhappiness in advanced countries?
A) Loss of friends.
B) Reduction of income.
C) Death of a family member.
D) Divorce.
Poor Watch
Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.
When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard’s pager. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.
Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overhead video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers’ trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around,” says McQuade.
The software does this by “projecting” a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.
To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software’s “pre-alert” list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pool’s floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer’s location on a poolside screen.
The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools － and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,” he says. But he adds that any local authority spending ₤30,000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.
36 AI means the same as
A) an image.
B) an idea.
C) anyone in the water.
D) artificial intelligence.
37 What is required of AI software.to save a life?
A) It must be able to swim.
B) It must keep walking round the pool .
C) It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.
D) It can save a life within a few months.
38 How does Poseidon save a life?
A) He plunges into the pool.
B) It alerts the lifeguard.
C) He cries for helo.
D) It rushes to the pool.
39 Which of the following statements about Travor Baylis is NOT true?
A) He runs.
B) He invented the clockwork radio.
C) He was once an entertainer.
D) He runs a company.
40 The word “considered” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by
A) “thought”.
B) “rated”.
C) “regarded”.
D) “believed”.
Thirsty in Karachi
After two weeks in Karachi, I'm not sure whether to laugh or to cry. Either way, it involves water － or rather the lack of it.
In Western Europe or the US, you only have to turn on the tap and you’ll see a jet of cold water, ready to drink, cook and bathe in, or wash the car. Turn on the tap in Karachi and you'll be lucky to fill a few buckets. Until 1947, the city was part of British India, whose engineers built and maintained a modest water supply network for the city’s 500,000 inhabitants. Today, Karachi is home to around 12 million people. Half of f6m live in slum townships, with little or no water through the mains. Even the “rich” half usually have to wait days before anything trickles through their pipes. And the coloured liquid that finally emerges is usually too contaminated to drink.
According to the state-owned Karachi Water and Sewerage Board, the city needs more than 2,500 million litres of water each day. The board currently supplies 1,650 million litres of which nearly 40 per cent is lost from leaks － and theft. Leaks are dime a dozen to water utilities the world over, but theft?
Karachi’s unlikely water pirates turn out to be ordinary families struggling to get adequate supplies of one of life’s necessities. Stealing water takes many forms. The simplest is to buy a suction pump and get it attached to the water pipe that feeds your house from the mains. This should maximize your share of water every time the board switches on the supply. When the practice started 20 years ago, the pumps would be carefully hidden or disguised as garden ornaments. These days people hardly. bother. The pump are so widespread and water board inspectors so thin on the ground that when officials do confiscate a pump its owner simply buy a replacement.
Insisting that people obey the law won’t work because most households have little alternative but to steal. For its part, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board says it would dearly like to make life easier, but finds itself mired in debts because most residents either won’t pay water charges or can’t afford to. According to the Urban Resource Centre, a Karachi-based think tank, of the 1.2 million known consumers of water only 750,000 are billed, of whom just 163,000 actually pay for their Upplies. The board makes a perpetual loss, and there is no money to improve the system or even plug the leaks. Worse, the board increasingly relies on international loans from institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, which only makes its debt worse.
The joke is that the owners of the suction pumps end up with little － if any － extra water. Your house is in a line with 20 other households all tapping into one horizontal pipeline. All you can end up doing, given you have pumps of equal strength, is redistribute each other’s entitlement and pay higher electricity bills into the bargain.
Back home in London, I’ll remember not to complain about the water meter, or the hosepipe ban.
41 According to the passage, people in Karachi today suffer from a short supply of water because
A) the water supply network built in 1947 has stopped functioning.
B) the city has become much larger than before.
C) old networks can not meet the need of the city’s greatly-increased population.
D) the city is no longer a part of British India.
42 Now people in Karachi do not hide or disguise the suction pumps they use to steal water because
A) the pumps are no longer wanted as garden ornaments.
B) water supply board officials no longer confiscate them.
C) it does not cost much money to buy. a new one..
D) many households have them and there are very few inspectors around.to try to find them.
43 Confronted with a severe shortage of water supply, the city’s Water and Sewerage Board
A) tries to improve the water supply system with borrowed money.
B) is not making any effort to improve the situation.
C) urges the consumers to obey the law.
D) charges the consumers more for the water they use.
44 Which of the following is true of the owners of the suction pumps, if their neighbors have
equally powerful pumps as they do?
A) They get some extra water.
B) They only pay more for electricity.
C) They share what they can get with their neighbors.
D) They replace their pumps with new ones.
45 Which of the following is true about the author when he is back home in London?
A) He misses the days he spent in Karachi.
B) He forgets the complaints he made in Karachi.
C) He is content with the water supply in London.
D) He complains about the water supply in London.:
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Reinventing The Table
An earth scientist has rejigged .the periodic table to make chemistry simpler to teach to students.
(46) But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves.
“I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students,” he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table.
(47) But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react With which.
“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what’s going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge, (48)
______(49) He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots － one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance.
He has also included symbols to show which ions are. nutrients, and which are common in soil or water (50).
A. There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.
B. Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.
C. “I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.”
D. Railsback has listed some elements more than once.
E. And the size of element’s symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth’s crust.
F. The traditional periodic table was well drawn.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Cultural Differences
People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, sometimes without realizing it. Most Americans _______________51 out of the country and have very ______________52 experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy _______________53 new people; having guests and bringing people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names______________54 most situations and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that _____________55 you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will _____________56 your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again. And you’ll all ______________57 something about another culture!
Many travelers find_____________58 easier to meet people in the US than in other countries. They may just come up and introduce themselves or even invite you over _______________59 they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be ______________60. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just_______________61 a good time. Just like anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends _______________62 people in the US.
If and when you _______________63 American friends, they will probably _______________64 introducing you to their friends and family, and if they seem proud _______________65 you, it’s probably because they are. Relax and enjoy it!
51. A) have never been B) have been never
C) has never been D) has been never
52. A) a little B) little C) much D) a great deal
53. A) meet B) to meet C) meeting D) to have met
54. A) on B) among C) within D) in
55. A) makes B) make C) made D) making
56. A) praise B) honor C) appreciate D) confirm
57. A) pick B) select C) learn D) study
58. A) this B) it C) them D) /
59. A) when B) if C) after D before
60. A) superficially friend B) superficial friend
C) superficially friendly D) superficial friendly
61. A) having B) taking C) making D) killing
62. A) with B) among C) to D) in
63. A) get along with B) get rid of C) stay away from D) stay with
64. A) hate B) forbid C) avoid D) enjoy
65. A) to know B) knowing C) know D) having known