2007年度全国职称英语等级考试考前培训
综合B练习卷（二）
第1部分：词汇练习（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．It is odd that so little is known about the talented painter.
A) surprising B) unreasonable
C) strange D) unbelievable
2．To understand what we are going to talk about today, you have to rely on what you have read
previously．
A) beforehand B) carefully
C) before D) in advance
3．“I’m not meddling". Mary said mildly. “I'm just curious”.
A) gently B) shyly
C) weakly D) sweetly
4．Many of novelist Carson McCullers’ characters are isolated, disappointed people.
A) solitary B) gloomy
C) feeble D) frugal
5．Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.
A) expressive B) physical
C) exaggerated D) dubious
6．Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.
A) disrupt B) diagnose
C) evaporate D) cure
7．When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted.
A) willingly B) suddenly
C) firmly D) quickly
8．An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service. a branch of the
Department of State.
A) a unity B) a division
C) an embassy D) an invasion
9．The child’s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.
A) bad B) frightening
C) repeated D) unusual
10．Her behavior is extremely childish.
A）simple B) immature
C) beautiful D) foolish
11．Society is now much more diverse than ever before.
A) colorful B) attractive
C) flexible D) varied d
12．The news will horrify everyone．
A) attract B) terrify
C) tempt D) excite
13．Your eternal boasting annoys everyone．
A) unchangeable B) everlasting
C) boring D) monotonous
14．While serving in the Senate in the early 1970’s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems．
A) list B) forbid
C) handle D) investigate
15．The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte．
A) elegantly B) genuinely
C) intentionally D) thoroughly
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
16 Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17 Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18 Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19 Football can be classified as a spectator sport:
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20 Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21 Basketball in America is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22 Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Intelligence: a Changed View
1 Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore, was as a predictor of children's future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.
2 Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.
3 There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction.
4 Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.
5 These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn.
6 The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given the label "low IQ" which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not society's eyes.The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.
|
A Main Results of Recent Researches
B Popular Doubt about the New View
C Effect of Environment on Intelligence
D Intelligence and Achievement
E Impact on School Education
F A Changed View of Intelligence |
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 4
25 Paragraph 5
26 Paragraph 6
27 It was once believed , and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence.
28 More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited
29 It can be inferred from the passage that a child will if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language.
30 Children were not just , but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school.
|
A born to be more intelligent or less intelligent
B have a better chance to develop his intelligence
C taught to be more intelligent
D that intelligence was something a baby was born with
E and because of the lack of communication with his classmates
F and partly has to do with a child's living environment |
第4部分: 阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。
Orbital Space Plane
While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster, NASA,is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would replace shuttles on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.
The space agency released the first set of mission needs and requirements several days ago for
the orbital space plane, which would be designed to transport a crew of four to and from the International Space Station.
Although it includes few specifics, the plan stipulates the orbiter will be safer, cheaper and require less preparation time than the shuttle. It would be able to transport four crew members by 2012 - though it would be available for rescue missions by 2010. NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew members to “definitive medical care” within 24 hours.
The release of the requirements showed NASA remains focused on the long-term priorities of
space exploration, even as questions linger concerning the loss of Columbia and its seven-member crew- on February 1, 2003.
Experts at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, have been working for years
on a successor to the shuttle. The project, known as the Space Launch Initiative, was divided last year into two parts - one focusing on a future launch vehicle, the other on a space station orbiter. The orbiter is expected to be ready sooner.
The program’s managers say NASA officials have told them not to alter Space Launch Initiative in light of the Columbia disaster.
US President George W. Bush asked Congress for about US$1 billion for Space Launch Initiative in 2004, funds that would be almost equally split between the Orbital Space Plane and Next Generation Launch Technology.
31. The orbital space craft has been designed for
A) controlling the International Space Station.
B) carrying astronauts to the International Space Station.
C) transporting equipment to the International Space Station.
D) training astronauts in space flights.
32 From the passage we know that the design of the orbiter indicates
A) NASA's determination to continue its space exploration projects.
B) the US space technology superiorities.
C) a victory in pace exploration.
D) the birth of an absolutely safe space craft.
33 When did the scientists start working on a successor to the shuttle?
A) Immediately after the Columbia disaster:
B) One year after the Columbia disaster.
C) Years before the explosion of Columbia.
D) Not mentioned in the passage.
34 Besides the main missions stipulated by NASA, the orbiter would also be used as
A) a space hospital.
B) a medical research center
C) a medicine-transporting vehicle.
D) a space ambulance.
35 According to the passage, the funds, if granted, would
A) be used for developing the orbiter only.
B) be equally shared by the two projects under Space Launch Initiative.
C) be given to Marshall Space Flight Center.
D) be mainly used to improve space launch technology.
Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone一far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,
care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.
Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the lone-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
36 Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A) Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.
B) Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C) The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.
D) Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.
37 Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?
A) Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.
B) Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.
C) A child sent to a daycare center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.
D) Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.
38 It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that
A) the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies.
B) a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societies.
C) mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies.
D) children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years.
39 Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?
A) Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.
B) The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.
C) The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional
societies.
D) Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.
40 Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?
A) Children under three should stay with their parents.
B) Early day care has positive effects on children's development.
C) The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.
D) The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.
New US Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for. their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases一the leading causes of death in the United States一 and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.
“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,” the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.
The causes are often behavioral一smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise..
“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting, better health is a smart policy choice for our future,” Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.
“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in. our. lifestyle choices.”
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003．
“These leading causes of death-for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives,” he said.
The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations; clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies，and prostate checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
41 Which of the following is NOT true of chronic disease in the US?
A) They account for 70% of all deaths.
B) They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C) They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D) They are largely preventable.
42 The author mentions all the following as ways' of disease prevention EXCEPT
A) better diet.
B) increased exercise.
C) reduction on smoking.
D) higher survival rate for cancer.
43 The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean
A) greater responsibility of the government.
B) much less money needed for disease treatment.
C) higher costs of health care.
D) more lifestyle choices for people.
44 The $15 million program is aimed at
A) promoting disease prevention.
B) building more sidewalks. .
C) helping needy communities.
D) wiping out chronic diseases.
45 Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly
A) the death rates for all chronic diseases.
B) the kinds of cancer attacking people.
C) the cancer incidence rate.
D) cancer death rate.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Dung to Death
Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.
The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. (46).
Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. (47).
Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with 'the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up' in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf.
(48).
With millions of tons of animals-manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. (49).
Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. (50) His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.
There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment. .
A They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.
B And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.
C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.
D But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.
E His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.
F They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Sending E-mails to Professors
One student skipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail (51) for copies of her teaching notes.
Another (52) that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering from drinking too much at a wild weekend party.
At colleges and universities in the US, e-mail has made professors more approachable. But many say it has made them too accessible, (53) boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.
These days, professors say, students seem to view them as available (54) the clock, sending a steady stream of informal e-mails.
“The tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding,” said Michael Kessler, an assistant dean at Georgetown University. “They’ll (55) you to help: ‘I need to know this.’”
“There’s a fine (56) between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy as an (57) who is in charge.”
Christopher Dede, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, said (58) show how students no longer defer to their professors, perhaps because they realize that professors’ (59) could rapidly become outdated.
“The deference was driven by the (60) that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,” Dede said, and that notion has (61)
For junior faculty members, e-mails bring new tension into their work, some say, as they struggle with how to (62). Their job prospects, they realize, may rest in part on student evaluations of their accessibility.
College students say e-mail makes (63) easier to ask questions and helps them learn.
But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects (64) them, said Alexandra Lahav, an associate professor of Law at the University of Connecticut.
She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son. Professor Lahav did not respond.
Such e-mails can have consequences, she said. “Students don’t understand that (65) they say in e-mail can make them seem unprofessional, and could result in a bad recommendation.”
51. A) providing B) offering C) supplying D) asking
52. A) complained B) argued C) explained D) believed
53. A) removing B) moving C) putting D) placing
54. A) about B) around C) at D) from
55. A) cause B) press C) order D) make
56. A) requirement B) contradiction C) tension D) balance
57. A) teacher B) instructor C) lecturer D) professor
58. A) e-mails B) message C) texts D) books
59. A) technology B) expertise C) science D) mind
60. A) tradition B) ideas C) notion D) notions
61. A) strengthened B) weakened C) reinforced D) consolidate
62. A) ask B) question C) respond D) request
63. A) him B) her C) them D) it
64. A) on B) against C) in D) about
65. A) this B) which C) that D) what