2007年度全国职称英语等级考试考前培训
综合B练习卷（三）
第1部分：词汇练习（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job．
A) simply B) almost’
C) actually D) completely
2．At the policeman's signal, the vehicle pulled up．
A) stopped B) slowed down
C) sped up D) sweetly
3．I can no longer tolerate his actions．
A) put up with B) accept
C) take D) suffer from
4．The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost or snipping
cargo by water．
A) continuously B) quickly
C) excessively D) exceptionally
5．John Hanson helped draft instructions for Maryland's delegates to the Stamp Act Congress．
A) clarify B) formulate
C) revise D) contribute
6．You must shine your shoes．
A) lighted B) clean
C) wash D)polish
7．The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician．
A) doctor B) professor
C) physicist D) resident
8．Gas does accumulate in the mines around here．
A) increase B) spread
C) collect D) grow
9．The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy’s coast．
A) together B) in succession
C) in alliance D) in connection
10．He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress．
A) despair B) difficulties
C) need D) danger
11．The other women seemed contented and they even exhibited their bellies with pride.
A) demonstrated B) uncovered
C) spread D) showed
12．They always mock me because I am ugly．
A) smile at B) look down on
C) belittle D) laugh at
13．These are our motives for doing it．
A) reasons B) arguments
C) targets D) stimuli
14．Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization．
A) stated firmly B) argued light-mindedly
C) thought seriously D) announced regrettably
15．The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers．
A) protection B) indication
C) immunity D) danger
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Plants and Mankind
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist; a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
16 It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17 People cannot survive without plants.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18 Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19 Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20 Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21 People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22 Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Alaska
1 In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers "of icebergs and polar bears" —beyond Canada's western borders, far from the settled areas 2 of the United States.
2 In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.
3 Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.
4 Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait4, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants 5. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.
5 In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the US mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.
6 The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.
|
A Rich Resources of the State
B Connections with the Outside World
C Transportation Problem
D The Natives of the Land
E Cold Climate
F Land and Population |
23 Paragraph 3
24 Paragraph 4
25 Paragraph 5
26 Paragraph 6
27 For as long as three months of a year, the sun on the ice-covered land of Alaska.
28 According to statistics, of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.
29 Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought .
30 Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth .
|
A as fish does
B because of its rich natural resources
C by the United States in the 19th century
D shines day and night
E only a very small percentage
F a limited amount of the gold found there |
第4部分: 阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。
His Own Way to Express Love
Yesterday was our three-year anniversary. We didn't do anything romantic; we just walked hand in hand and talked about our past and the future. This was pretty much what I had expected.
Andy is an unromantic guy: no sweet words or roses. Smart as he is, he is a little bit shy expressing his love. In contrast, I am an outspoken girl who likes to show her feelings directly. So needless to say, I often feel that is insensitive. I envy other girls who are surrounded by sweet words．
I was in this sullen mood until I heard a beautiful sentence one day: "Someone does not love you in the way you like; it does not mean that he does not love you." This simple but sensible sentence made me think about our happy days and recall his deep concern for me.
One cold winter night, I got a high fever. He hurried to my dorm and took me to the hospital. He was in such a hurry that he even forgot to wear socks! After arrival, he ran through the hospital handling all the formalities. When I was put on a drip, he told me interesting stories to make me happy. Being held in his warm arms and listening to his tender voice, I never felt so safe and comfortable. Gradually, I felt asleep. When I woke up 15 minutes later, he was still mumbling to me. He explained that if he had stopped talking I would have woken up. At that moment, I found love in his sparkling eyes.
Another time, I had a bad quarrel with my best friend. Although I knew it was my fault, I refused to admit it. I was very angry when he insisted I apologize to her. He said that it was difficult to admit a mistake, but this was what everyone should do. The next morning, I apologized to my friend and asked for her forgiveness.
My unromantic boyfriend cares about my health like my father, understands me like my mother and helps me like my elder brother.
31 Who is Andy?
A) The writer's father.
B) The writer's mother.
C) The writer's elder brother.
D) The writer's boyfriend.
32 When did the writer and Andy fall in love?
A) Three years ago.
B) Yesterday.
C) On a cold winter night.
D) After a quarrel.
33 Which statement is true of the writer?
A) She likes running after romantic guys.
B) She does not like sweet words.
C) She likes expressing her feelings directly.
D) She does not like roses.
34 The writer tells the reader two stories to show that
A) Andy is a romantic guy.
B) Andy has his own way to express love.
C) Andy is an insensitive guy.
D) Andy is a foolish guy.
35 The word sullen in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A) cheerful.
B) calm.
C) painful.
D) bad.
A Ride in a Cable-car
A ride in a cable-car is one of the most exciting and enjoyable experiences a child can have. In Switzerland, which is the home of the cable-car, iris used mostly to take tourists up the slope of a mountain, to a restaurant from which one can have a bird's-eye view of the surrounding country, or to the top of a ski-rune, from which, in winter, skiers glide down the snow-covered slope on skis. In Singapore, however, the cable-car takes one from the summit of a hill on the main island to a low hill on Sentosa, a resort island just off the southern coast.
The cable-car is really a carnage which hangs from a strong steel cable suspended in the air. It moves along the cable with other cars on pulleys, the wheels of which are turned by electric-motors. The cars are painted in eye-catching colors and spaced at regular intervals. Each car can seat up to six persons. After the passengers have entered a car, they are locked in from outside by an attendant. They have no control over the movement of the car.
Before long, the passengers get a breath-taking view through the glass windows of the modern city, the bustling harbor, and the several islands off the coast. The car is suspended so high in the air that ships on the sea look like small boats, and boats like toys. On a clear day, both the sky above and the sea below look beautifully blue.
In contrast to the fast-moving traffic on the ground, the cars in the air move in a leisurely manner, allowing passengers more than enough time to take in the scenery during the brief trip to the island of Sentosa. After a few hours on Sentosa, it will be time again to take a cable-car back to Mount Faber. The return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip.
36 The cable-car in Singapore
A) takes visitors up to a mountain restaurant.
B) takes skiers to the top of, a ski-run.
C) takes visitors to Sentosa:
D) takes visitors to a high mountain.
37 Which of the following about the cable-cars is true?
A) The cars move along the steel cable. .
B) The cars are operated by a driver.
C) The cars are controlled by the passengers.
D) The cars move on wheels.
38 Passengers can get a breath-taking view when riding in a cable-car because
A) the car is painted in eye-catching colors.
B) the car is suspended so high in the sky.
C) each car can seat up to six persons.
D) both the sky and the sea look beautifully blue.
39 The short trip does not bother passengers who want a good view because
A) the cars move slowly.
B) the cars move quickly. ,
C) the cars are suspended very high. .
D) the cars have glass windows.
40 The last sentence of the passage, "The return journey is no less exciting than the outward trip", means
A) "The return trip is less boring than the outward one."
B) "The return trip is more enjoyable than the outward one."
C) "The return trip is as thrilling as the outward one."
D) "Both the outward and return trips are uninteresting."
The Wasteland
A new catastrophe faces Afghanistan. The American bombing campaign is conspiring with years of civil conflict and drought to create an environmental crisis.
Humanitarian and political concerns are dominating the headlines. But they are also masking the disappearance of the country's once rich habitat and wildlife, which are quietly being crushed by war. The UN is dispatching a team of investigators to the region next month to evaluate the damage. "A healthy environment is a prerequisite for rehabilitation," says Klaus Topfer, head of the UN Environment Programme.
Much of south-east Afghanistan was once lush forest watered by monsoon rains. Forests now cover less than 2 per cent of the country. "The worst deforestation occurred during Taliban rule, when its timber mafia denuded forests to sell to Pakistani markets," says Usman Qazi, an environmental consultant based in Quetta, Pakistan. And the intense bombing intended to flush out the last of the Taliban troops is destroying or burning much of what remains.
The refugee crisis is also wrecking the environment, and much damage may be irreversible. Forests and vegetation are being cleared for much-needed farming, but the gains are likely to be only short-term. "Eventually the land will be unfit for even the most basic form of agriculture," warns Hammad Naqi of the World Wide Fund for Nature in Pakistan. Refugees - around 4 million as the last count - are also cutting into forests for firewood.
The hail of bombs falling on Afghanistan is making life particularly hard for the country's wildlife. Birds such as the pelican and endangered Siberian crane cross eastern Afghanistan as they follow one of the world's great migratory thoroughfares from Siberia to Pakistan and India. But the number of the birds flying across the region has dropped by a staggering 85 per cent? "Cranes are very sensitive and they do not use the route if they see any danger," says Ashiq Ahgmad, an environmental scientist for the WWF in Peshawar, Pakistan, who has tracked the collapse of the birds' migration this winter.
The rugged mountains also usually provide a safe haven for mountain leopards, gazelles, bears and Marco Polo sheep - the world's largest species. "The same terrain that allows fighters to strike and disappear back into the hills has also historically enabled wild life to survive," says Peter Zahler of the Wildlife Conservation society, based in New York. But he warns they are now under intense pressure from the bombing and invasions of refugees and fighters.
For instance, some refugees are hunting rare snow leopards to buy a safe passage across the border. A single fur can fetch $2,000 on the black market, says Zahler. Only 5,000 or so snow leopards are thought to survive in central Asia, and less than 100 in Afghanistan, their numbers already decimated by extensive hunting and smuggling into Pakistan before the conflict. Timber, falcons and medicinal plants are also being smuggled across the border. The Taliban once controlled much of this trade, but the recent power vacuum could exacerbate the problem.
Bombing will also leave its mark beyond the obvious craters. Defence analysts say that while depleted uranium has been used less in Afghanistan than in the Kosovo conflict, conventional explosives will litter the country with pollutants. They contain toxic compounds such as cyclonite, a carcinogen, and rocket propellants contain perchlorates, which damage thyroid glands.
41 All of the following are causes of the environmental crisis in Afghanistan EXCEPT
A) American bombing.
B) heavy monsoon rains.
C) years of lack of rain.
D) fighting among the Afghanis.
42 According to the passage, the main cause of the loss of the country's forests is
A) the flooding caused by the monsoon rain.
B) the intense bombing of the Taliban troops.
C) the improper use of the trees for benefits during Taliban rule.
D) the fire set to burn the forests by the Taliban troops.
43 Most of the migratory birds no longer fly across Afghanistan to Pakistan and India because
A) they change their route from time to time.
B) some birds have collapsed while flying.
C) they have been threatened by the bombs dropped on the country.
D) they are scared by the big animals in the mountains.
44 In which of the following ways do the refugees threaten the survival of such wild animals as the snow leopards?
A) They hunt the animals for food.
B) They fight in the rugged mountains that provide a haven for the animals.
C) They hunt the animals to make profits.
D) They drive the animals away from their homes in the mountains.
45 Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the last paragraph?
A) Depleted uranium is not a kind of conventional explosives.
B) Craters are not the only damage done by bombs.
C) The conventional bombs are no less damaging to environment than the non-conventional ones.
D) Fewer people were killed in bombing in Afghanistan than in Kosovo.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Financial Risks
Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.
(46)They include .solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills．The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. (47)Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. (48)The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price; reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.
Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses _____________ (49) Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk4, so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.
Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. (50)International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981．Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.
A. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses.
B. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments.
C Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business.
D The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards.
E. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning. .
F. Many international marketers go bankrupt each year because of exchange-rate fluctuation.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
London Cabbies
Every city in the world has taxi to take tourists to interesting places. London is the only city in the world where taking a taxi is an____________51experience for tourists. This is partly because of the special black cabs, which are found in no other country. But it is also because of the drivers themselves._________________52British people are famous for being polite and reserved, London cabbies are well known _______________53 their willingness to talk.
Some customers say that once the door shuts and the cab ______________54off they are a captive audience. It is impossible to get the taxi driver to stop _____________55. "They're self-confident and free thinking," said Malcolm Linskey, the author of a history of taxi drivers in London.
They are also expensive. London has the most expensive taxis of any city in the world except Tokyo. That's why Ken Livingstone, the Mayor of London, is planning to make taxi drivers negotiate their fares with _____________56 before they take a ride.
Drivers agree that their fairs are expensive. That's because their black taxis ______________57 more than other cars, they say. And the customer is also paying for a more driving expertise than anywhere else in the world.
Before someone can qualify as a London taxi driver, that person has to pass a test _____________58simply as "The Knowledge". This involves________________59 the name and location of every street within six miles of a point in the exact centre of London. The trainee must also learn the exact location of every important building within these streets. Finally he or she must be able to use this knowledge to work out the ______________60 distance between any two destinations within this area.
It can ___________61 up to three years to pass "The Knowledge". Every day it is possible to see trainee taxi drivers on the streets of London, taking careful notes of popular destinations before tracing the route to their next stop. Cab driving is a job often ______________62 down in families. Many taxi drivers take their children out in their spare time to memorize _______________63they need to know when it is their turn to "do The Knowledge".
The effect of this is to make London cabbies experts at their job. They also have bigger brains. Recent research found that the part of the brain that remembers things was larger and more_______________64 in cab drivers. They have to fit the whole of London into their heads, so their brains grow bigger. So perhaps it is not ____________65 that taxi drivers have lots to say.
51. A) rewarding B) interesting C) happy D) delightful
52. A) Before B) After C) When D) While
53. A) for B) as C) of D) at
54. A) departs B) leaves C) moves D) takes
55. A) arguing B) saying C) telling D) talking
56. A) customers B) hosts C) guests D) bosses
57. A) buy B) cost C) sell D) consume
58. A) called B) entitled C) known D) understood
59. A) to memorize B) memorize C) memorized D memorizing
60. A) shortest B) shorter C) shortened D) short
61. A) spend B) take C) give D) occupy
62. A) inherited B) sent C) handed D) given
63. A) roads B) routes C) streets D) lanes
64. A) constructed B) concentrated C) devoted D) developed
65. A) surprising B) wondering C) doubting D) suspecting