2007年度全国职称英语等级考试考前培训
综合B练习卷（四）
第1部分：词汇练习（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．A deadly disease has affected these animals．
A) contagious B) serious
C) fatal D) worrying
2．The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes’ capabilities now．
A) capacities B) strengths
C) possibilities D) abilities
3．Jack is a diligent worker．
A) ambitious B) lazy
C) hardworking D) clever
4．Their style of playing football is utterly different．
A) barely B) scarcely
C) hardly D) totally
5．His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married．
A) forgotten B) failed
C) deleted D) left out
6．Guests were scared when the bomb exploded．
A) frightened B) killed
C) endangered D) rescued
7．The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting．
A) stated B) declared
C) suggested D) announced
8．She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis．
A) lived on B) depended on
C) lived off D) believed in
9．There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance．
A) beats B) matches
C) maintains D) announces
10．Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as A1 Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan．
A) violent criminals B) politicians
C) musicians D) industrialists
11．Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics．
A) error B) function
C) attraction D) miracle
12．The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely．
A) compactly B) inexpensively
C) quickly D) carefully
13．He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism．
A) long and detailed B) short and clear
C) comprehensive D) professional
14．Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously．
A) adhered to B) abandoned
C) applied D) adopted
15．The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated．
A) resumed B) put an end to
C) suspended D) re-scheduled
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself partly in the behaviour of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favourable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares with others.
The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a child's “teachers” may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
16．Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．Full exposure to the language spoken during the first years of life partly ensures the child's success of learning his mother tongue.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned．
20．A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Transport and Trade
1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.
2 The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.
3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.
4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.
5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.
|
A Higher Living Standard
B Importance of Transport in Trade
C Various Means of Transport
D Birth of Transport-related Industries and Trade
E Role of Information in Trade
F Public Transportation |
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 4
26 Paragraph 5
27 The development of modern means of transport .
28 Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly .
29 Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want .
30 In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as .
|
A to send goods to various parts of the world
B at any time during the year
C has greatly promoted trade
D is it possible to produce on a large scale
E the transport of goods
F it is possible to produce on a large scale |
第4部分: 阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。
Milosevic’s Death
Former Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic was found dead last Saturday in his cell at the Hague-based International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The 64-year-old had been on trial there since February 2002.
Born in provincial Pozarevac in 1941, he was the second son of a priest and a school teacher. Both of his parents died when he was still a young adult. The young Milosevic was “untypical”, says Slavoljub Djukic, his unofficial biographer. He was “not interested in sports, avoided excursions and used to come to school dressed in the old-fashioned way－white shirt and tie.” One of his old friends said, he could "imagine him as a station-master or punctilious civil servant”.
Indeed that is exactly what he might have become, had he not married Mira. She was widely believed to be his driving force.
At university and beyond he did well. He worked for various firms and was a communist party member. By 1986 he was head of Serbia's Central Committer. But still he had not yet really been noticed.
It was Kosovo that gave him his chance. An autonomous province of Serbia, Kosovo was home to an Albanian majority and a Serbian minority. In 1989, he was sent there to calm fears of Serbians who felt they were discriminated against. But instead he played the nationalist card and became their champion. In so doing, he changed into a ruthless and determined man. At home with Mira he plotted the downfall of his political enemies. Conspiring with the director of Serbian TV, he mounted a modern media campaign which aimed to get him the most power in the country.
He was elected Serbian president in 1990. In 1997, he became president of Yugoslavia. The rest of the story is well-known: his nationalist card caused Yugoslavia's other ethnic groups to fight for their own rights, power and lands. Yugoslavia broke up when four of the six republics declared independence in 1991. War started and lasted for years and millions died. Then Western countries intervened. NATO bombed Yugoslavia, and he eventually stepped down as state leader in 2000.
Soon after this, Serbia’s new government, led by Zoran Djindjic, arrested him and sent him to face justice at the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal in the Hague.
31 Where did Milosevic die?
A) In a basement.
B) In prison.
C) In a small room.
D) In his own country.
32 Which of the following is NOT true of the young Milosevic?
A) He dressed in a pretty old-fashioned way..
B) He was not interested in sports..
C) He was an ordinary person.
D) He was extremely ambitious.
33 All of the following persons in one way. or another changed his fate EXCEPT
A) Mira.
B) His parents.
C) Zoran Djindjic..
D) The Director of Serbian TV.
34 Why was Milosevic sent to Kosovo in 1989?
A) To handle economic issues.
B) To drive Albanians back to their own country.
C) To remove the Serbians’ fears that they were discriminated against.
D) To launch an attack against his political enemies.
35 What happened in 1991?
A) Yugoslavia broke up.
B) Western countries intervened.
C) NATO bombed Yugoslavia.
D) Milosevic was arrested.
The Cherokee Nation
Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.
After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible － there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.
In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?
The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.
36 The Cherokee Nation used to live
A) on the American continent.
B) in the southeastern part of the US.
C) beyond the Mississippi River.
D) in the western territory.
37 One of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of
A) writing down the spoken language.
B) making word pictures.
C) teaching his people reading.
D) printing their own newspaper.
38 A law was passed in 1830 to
A) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.
B) send the army to help the Cherokees.
C) force the Cherokees to move westward.
D) forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.
39 When the Cherokees began to leave their lands,
A) they went in carts.
B) they went on horseback.
C) they marched on foot.
D) all of the above.
40 Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because
A) they were not willing to go there.
B) the government did not provide transportation.
C) they did not have enough food and clothes.
D) the journey was long and boring.
Powering a City? It’s a Breeze
The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries一
a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips一yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines.
Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the “urban turbine” is a high-tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftops of busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often more efficient than rural counterparts, they take advantage of the extreme turbulence and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns.
Prototypes have been successfully tested in several Dutch cities, and the city government in the Hague has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US$8,000 to US＄12,000 and can generate between 3,000 and 7,000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10,000 kilowatt hours.
But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercial buildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane.
Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but the ever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. The Netherlands, with 16 million people crowded into a country twice the size of Slovenia, is the most densely populated in Europe.
Problems remain, however, for example, public safety concerns, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturers. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. People don't know what it would be like to work there, in an office next to one of the big turbines. It might be too hectic.
Meanwhile, projects are under way to use minimills to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. “I think the thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations,” said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. “It's a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard. I don't think anybody wants a nuclear power plant in their backyard.”
41 What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph?
A) The flat landscape.
B) Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.
C) Metal-pole turbines.
D) Both A and B.
42 Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?
A) It is a windmill put on rooftops of buildings for energy generation.
B) It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.
C) It is light and quiet and therefore more efficient.
D) It is driven by urban wind..
43 The smallest models of an urban turbine
A) is designed for private homes.
B) weighs 2,000 kilograms..
C) can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane.
D) can be installed with a crane.
44 The Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology because?
A) the Dutch are natural pioneers.
B) the Dutch have a tradition with windmills.
C) the Netherlands is windier than Germany, Finland and Slovenia..
D) the Netherlands is a small country with a large population..
45 According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?
A) It can be used for different purposes.
B) It can replace nuclear power plant.
C) It can be installed in one’s backyard..
D) Both A and C.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Public Relations
Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image．
(46) Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. (47) Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image, this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix.
(48) Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising.
_________ ____(49).
The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. (50) Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertising. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.
A. Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.
B. Furthermore, not all publicity is initiated by the firm; some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.
C. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, usually in the form of press releases or press conferences.
D Many factors impact on the public image.
E. It surely causes heavy losses to the company.
F. Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Hitchhiking
When I was in my teens and 20s, hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport. The kindness or curiosity of strangers ____________51 me all over Europe, North America, Asia and southern Africa. Some of the lift-givers became friends, many provided hospitality _________________52 the road.
Not only did you find out much more about a country than _______________53 traveling by train or plane, but there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night. Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture. It has books and songs about it. So what has happened to ______________54 ?
A few years ago, I asked the same question about hitching in a column on a newspaper. _____________55 of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking.
“If there is a hitchhiker's _____________56 it must be Iran,” came one reply. Rural Ireland was recommended, as a friendly place for hitching, _____________57 was Quebec, Canada一if “you don't mind being berated for not speaking French”.
But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in many parts of the world, _______________58 feeling was that throughout much of the west it was doomed(消亡).
With so much news about crime in the media, people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger. But do we________________59 to be so wary both to hitch and to give a lift?
In Poland in the 1960s, ______________60 a Polish woman who e-mailed me, “the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker’s Booklet. The booklet contained coupons for drivers, so each time a driver ___________61 who had picked up somebody, he or she received a coupon. At the end of the season, ______________62 who had picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes. Everybody was hitchhiking then.”
Surely this is a good idea for society? Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down _______________63 between strangers. It would help fight _______________64 warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels. It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant____________65 in geography, history, politics and sociology.
51. A) made B) took C) travelled D) crossed
52. A) in B) over C) at D) on
53. A) when B) after C) before D) if
54. A) the books B) them C) it D) the songs
55. A) Hundreds B) Hundred C) Thousand D) Dozen
56. A) sky B) space C) map D) heaven
57. A) like B) as C) for D) since
58. A) big B) large C) general D) little
59. A) have to B) must C) should D) need
60. A) according to B) owing to C) due to D) with respects to
61. A) sent B) picked up C) collected D) helped
62. A) passengers B) hikers C) drivers D) strangers
63. A) fences B) barriers C) gaps D) walls
64. A) global B) world C) entire D) whole
65. A) discussions B) debates C) consultations D) lessons