2007年度全国职称英语等级考试考前培训
综合B练习卷（五）
第1部分：词汇练习（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain．
A) question B) problem
C) issue D) topic
2．Since ancient times people have found various ways to preserve meat．
A) carve B) cook
C) freeze D) keep
3．He often finds fault with my work．
A）criticizes B) praises
C）evaluates D）talks about
4．Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state．
A) regularly B) accidentally
C) sometimes D) successfully
5．The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.
A) take out B) repair
C) pull D)dig
6．The majority of people around here are decent people．
A) honest B) rich
C) good-looking D)high-ranking
7．Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches．
A) conventionally B) obviously
C) especially D) inevitably
8．There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country．
A) a steady B) a plentiful
C) an extra D)a meager
9．In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production．
A) step up B) decrease
C) stop D) control
10．His claims seem credible to many people．
A) workable B) convincing
C) practical D) reliable
11．I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior．
A) bear B) accept
C) admit D) take
12．Smoking is not permitted in the office．
A) probable B) possible
C) admitted D) allowed
13．The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by comets.
A) intrigued B) infected
C) inconvenienced D) inclined
14．We were shocked to find that Mary didn’t know her guest’s name．
A) frustrated B) disturbed
C) relieved D) surprised
15．The new job will provide you with invaluable experience．
A) simply useless B) really practical
C) very little D) extremely useful
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Workers' Role in Management
Traditionally, it has been the workers' role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestion boxes” in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor — they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers' is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 days' notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rises, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
16 Traditional workers showed no interest in management.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17 In recent years many management specialists have been arguing for the worker's role in management with two major reasons.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18 Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19 Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20 The workers' participation in management might save a plant from closing down.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21 One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22 An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Museums in the Modern World
1 Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now.
2 At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing.
3 More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours . The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help, people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantages. Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one "should" visit, they are places to enjoy.
4 One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. They are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about other places and other times.
5 The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.
6 In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance- fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.
|
A Causes of Changes
B Increasing Number of 1museums and Visitors
C Museums Getting Closer to More Spectators
D Movies Shown in Museums
E New Notions about the Management of Museums
F Places to Visit |
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 5
26 Paragraph 6
27 It Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but .
28 With the development of society, people, especially the young people, .
29 To meet the needs of society, more museums .
30 Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors 'and they .
|
A have higher demands of museums
B are open to more people with different social background
C to lengthen their opening hours
D charge too little for admission
E have been built and open to public
F by lowering the admission fees |
第4部分: 阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最佳答案。
Goal of American Education
Education is an enormous and expensive part of American life. Its size is matched by its variety.
Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of – other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone - not just for a privileged elite. Schools are expected to meet the needs of every child, regardless of ability, and also the needs of society itself. This means that public schools: offer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing, sewing, radio repair, computer programming or driver training, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics, history, and languages. Students choose their curricula depending on their interests, future goals, and level of ability. The underlying goal of American education is to develop every child to- the utmost of his or her' own possibilities, and to give each one a sense of civic and community consciousness.
Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and "Americanizing" the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schools still play a large role in the community, especially in the small towns.
The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time, learning how to use resource materials, libraries, statistics and computers. Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts.
This is America's answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-moving time: "How can one prepare today's child for a tomorrow that one can neither predict nor understand?"
31 Which of the following best states the goal of American education?
A) To teach every learner some practical skills.
B) To provide every learner with rich knowledge.
C) To give every student the opportunity to fully develop his/her ability.
D) To train every student to be a responsible citizen.
32 It is implied in the passage that
A) all high-school students take the same courses.
B) every high-school student must take some practical ability training courses.
C) every public school offers the same academic subjects.
D) the subjects every student takes may vary.
33 American schools place great emphasis on the learner's
A) enrichment of knowledge.
B) accumulation of facts.
C) acquisition of the ability to be creative.
D) acquisition of the ability to work with his hands.
34 According to the passage, American education meets the needs of all the following
EXCEPT
A) the brightest students.
B) the slow students.
C) the students from foreign countries.
D) the immigrants.
35 Which of the following best states the feature of American education that makes it different
from education in other countries? -
A) The large number of its schools.
B) The variety of the courses offered in its schools.
C) Its special consideration given to immigrants.
D) Its underlying goal to develop every child's abilities to the fullest extent.
Underground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe
Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can. even ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned.
“Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA. But surprisingly few people know about them.
Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to disappear and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.
The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to detect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.
Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.
36 According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is that
A) underground fires loom large in the forests.
B) coal burning deep underground is found in China.
C) poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources..
D) arsenic and mercury are the most poisonous elements to water sources.
37 According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear? .
A) Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and burns. .
B) The underground oxygen will be used up. .
C) Poisonous fumes and greenhouse gases will be accumulated underground.
D) There will be an increase of abandoned mines.
38 What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology?
A) Annual consumption of coal in U. S.
B) Annual consumption of coal in China.
C) How long coal fires has lasted in the northern region of China.
D) Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.
39 Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is NOT true?
A) He was one of the scientists who have warned against the threats of underground fires.
B) He has detected and monitored underground fires in the Netherlands.
C) He has worked with the Chinese government on the underground fires issue.
D) He works for a research institute in the Netherlands.
40 According to the fifth paragraph, what is the suggested method to control underground fires?
A) Using remote sensing techniques.
B) Controlling the release of carbon dioxide.
C) Making the soil heat resistant.
D) Cutting off the oxygen supply.
Eat to Live
A meager diet may give you health and long life, but it’s not much fun － and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age.．
Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.
Spindler’s team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old 一 equivalent to about 70 human years.
The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production 一probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.
“This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D.C.
No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “There’s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.
If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.
But Spindler isn’t sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longer, but they’re hungry,” he says, “Even seeing what a diet does, it’s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: ‘I can only eat half of that’.”
Spindler hopes we soon won’t need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.
41 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A) Eating less than usual might make us live longer.
B) If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.
C) Dieting might not be needed.
D) We have to begin dieting from childhood.
42 Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?
A) To describe the influence of old age on mice.
B) To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.
C) To tell us how mice’s liver genes behave.
D) To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.
43. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?
A) They will not experience free radical production:
B) They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.
C) They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.
D) They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.
44. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?
A) The mice that started dieting in old age.
B) 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.
C) Calorie restriction that works in people.
D) Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.
45. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that
A) calorie restriction is very important to young people.
B) seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal.
C) dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.
D) drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change
At picnics, ants are pests. But they have their uses. In industries such as mining, farming and forestry, they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.
It has been recognized for decades that ants － which are highly sensitive to ecological change － can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem. Only certain species, for instance, will continue to thrive at, a forest site that has been cleared of trees. (46) And still others will move in and take up residence.
By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how “stressed” the land is. (47) Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species.
Where mine sites are being restored, for example, some ant species will recolonize the tripped land more quickly than others. (48) Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.
Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil, where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations. “We found it worked extremely well there,” says Jonathan Majer, a professor of environmental biology. Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia, he says, because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it: “That’s the great thing about ants.”
Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting. _____________ (49)
Why not? Because many companies can’t afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey. The cost stems, also, from the scarcity of ant specialists. _____________ (50)
A . This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B . Yet in other businesses, such farming and property development, ant surveys aren’t used widely.
C . Employing those people are expensive.
D. They do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E . The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F . Others will die out for lack of food
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Public and Private Schools in the United States
Religious and private schools receive little or no support from public taxes in the United States, and, as a result, are usually somewhat expensive to ____________51. The largest group of religious schools in America ________________52 by the Roman Catholic Church. While religious schools tend to be _______________53 expensive than private schools, there are usually some fees.
When there is free education available to all children in the United States, why do people ______________54 money on private schools? Americans offer ______________55 great variety of reasons for doing so, including the desire of some parents to _____________56 their children to schools ______________57 classes tend to be smaller, or where religious instruction is included as part of the educational program, or because, _____________58 their opinion, the public schools in their area are not ________________59 high enough quality to meet their needs. Private schools in the United States ______________60 widely in size, quality, and in the kind of program that are offered to meet ______________61 of certain students.
The degree ______________62 American parents are active in their children’s schools is often _______________63 to people of other countries. Most schools have organizations _______________64 of both parents and teachers, usually called P.T.A. for Parent-Teacher Association. They meet together to ____________65 various matters concerning the school. Parents often give their time to help with classroom or after school activities.
51. A) go B) attend C) take part in D) enroll
52. A) were run B) run C) is run D) is running
53. A) less B) more C) rather D) much
54. A) spend B) pay C) cost D) take
55. A) a B) the C) some D) /
56. A) bring B) bringing C) send D) sending
57. A) which B) what C) in that D) where
58. A) to B) in C) on D) for
59. A) / B) in C) of D) on
60. A) differ B) varies C) extend D) differs
61. A) the needs B) the satisfaction C) needs D) need
62. A) on which B) to which C) which D) what
63. A) surprise B) surprised C) surprising D) striking
64. A) consisting B) comprising C) composing D) making up
65. A) talk to B) comment C) discuss D) exchange